SD Process Flow

1. Inquiry (VA11)
2. Quotation / Contracts / Scheduling Agreements (VA21)
3. Sales Order (VA01)
4. Delivery
a) Create Delivery (VL01N)
b) Picking (LT03)
c) Picking Confirmation (LT12)
d) Packing (Optional in VL02N)
e) Post Goods issue (VL02N)
5. Billing(=Invoice) (VF01)
6. Post Incoming Payment (F-28)

How to configure the Sales Account Determination?

To define the General Leger posting :
IMG -> Sales and Distribution -> Account Assignment/Costing -> Revenue Account Determination -> Assign G/L Accounts
With this link, the material that used this account assignment group will be posted with the desired G/L accounts during Billing.
User will not be able to Release the billing document to Accounting if this is not setup.
If you happend to assign it via Cust.Grp/MaterialGrp/AcctKey, then you can let your user use this report to check the material assignment.
* Transaction code VKOA

Backorder Processing

Backorder processing is a functionality in SAP where you can change the committments and over-ride the blockage of stocks marked against sales documents/deliveries.
For examples; you receive an order from a very important customer for material "material A" but the entire quantity of "material A" is committed to another customer via earlier sales orders and this is where BACKORDER processing helps you to change the committment and shift stock due for B to A. This is the benefit of this funtionality.

T-codes for above process:
OMIH - Checking rule for updating backorders
OPJL - Define new checking rule
OPJJ - Define scope of check
V_RA - Backorder Processing

Define Account Assignment Group

Field found in Material Master Sales Organization 2.
To define the General Leger posting :-
IMG -> Sales and Distribution -> Account Assignment/Costing -> Revenue Account Determination -> Assign G/L Accounts

With this link, the material that used this account assignment group will be posted with the desired G/L accounts during Billing.
User will not be able to Release the billing document to Accounting if this is not setup.
If you happend to assign it via Cust.Grp/MaterialGrp/AcctKey, then you can let your user use this report to check the material assignment.
* Transaction code VKOA

SD Integration with other modules

In SAP you will always get integration with other modules.
Looking at MM and SD interaction first, take the scenario of a third party order process.

The link between SD and MM :-
1. When you create sales order in SD, all the details of the items are copied from Material master of MM.
2. MRP and availibility check related data is also taken from MM although you control this data in SD also.
3. While you create inbound/outbound delivery with reference to a sales order,the shipping point determination takes place with the help of the loading group, plant data, shipping conditions etc. This also refers to Material Master.
4. The material which you are entering in a sales order must be extended to the sales area of your sales order/customer otherwise you cannot transact with this material.

The link between SD and FI :-
1. Whenever you create a delivery with reference to a sales order, goods movement takes place in the background. eg. In case of standard sales order, you create an outbound goods delivery to the customer.
Here movement 601 takes place. This movement is configured in MM. Also, this movement hits some G/L account in FI. Every such movement of good s hits some G/L account.
2. The accounts posting in FI is done with reference to the billing documents (invoice, debit note, credit note etc) created in SD. Thus this is a link between SD and FI
3. Tax determination: In case of a tax determination also, there is a direct link between SD and MM

Sales Order – Integration Points Module
•Availability Check – MM
•Credit Check – FI
•Costing – CO/ MM
•Tax Determination – FI
•Transfer of Requirements – PP/ MM

Delivery & Goods Issue –Integration Points Module
•Availability Check – MM
•Credit Check – FI
•Reduces stock – MM
•Reduces Inventory $– FI/ CO
•Requirement Eliminated – PP/ MM

Billing – Integration Points Module
•Debit A/R – FI/ CO
•Credit Revenue – FI/ CO
•Updates G/ L - FI/ CO
(Tax, discounts, surcharges, etc.)
•Milestone Billing – PS

Return Delivery & Credit Memo – Integration Points Module
•Increases Inventory – MM
•Updates G/ L - FI
•Credit Memo – FI
•Adjustment to A/R – FI
•Reduces Revenue – FI

The determination on SD?

(a) Text Determination:
Any Texts in Material Master/Material Determination/Order/Delivery , etc is meant to convey messages to the subsequent documents for compliance.
e.g. “Give Top Priority” message mentioned in Order is meant for Production Dept.

(b) Account Determination:
The integration between Finance and SD. The A/P along with Account Keys need to be allocated accordingly with combination of Account Determination Group for Customer and Material if required.

(c) Partner Determination:
To identify which type of Partner it is so that if required for same Customer different Partner Functions may be required (Ex. Only One Sold To Party per Customer. More than One Ship to Party / Bill to Party / Payer possible. Accordingly different Masters will have to be created. Useful for Despatch of Material in case of Ship to Party, sending Bill in case of Bill to Party and payment follow-up / Dunning in case of Payer.

(d) Output Determination:
What type of Output (Fax/Mail, etc) is required, where and in what Format (ABAP Customization may be required in some cases especially Invoices).

(e) Storage Location Determination:
depends on Plant, Shipping Point and Storage Conditions

Suppressing Fields in Sales Order

The fields in a sales order can be made optional / mandatoryIt can be achieved by going to this menu path -
IMG - S&D-> Basic > Functions-> Log of incomplete Procedures

Then select the fields > from the tables and the system will check for them (OVA2/VUA2)